thorough critique of the established historical narratives surrounding the ancient world. Volney questions the reliability of accounts that have been passed down and addresses the challenges historians face when working with fragmented and often contradictory historical records. He argues for a more empirical approach, calling for the application of new methodologies similar to those used in the physical sciences to understand the complexities of ancient histories, particularly concerning the chronology of Israelite kings as drawn from biblical sources. This analytical approach raises important questions about biases and the transmission of historical knowledge, preparing the reader for a deeper exploration of the subject. (This is an automatically generated summary.)